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Bush carpentry is an expression used in Australia and New Zealand that refers to improvised methods of building or repair, using available materials and an ad hoc design, usually in a pioneering or rural context. ==The tradition== The phrase 'bush carpentry' is a familiar Australian usage, but finding an exact description of its practice is rare. The Macquarie Dictionary for example, defines a ''bush carpenter'' as a ''rough amateur carpenter'',〔''The Macquarie Dictionary'' 1981 edition, p. 270〕 and G. A. Wilkes says he is a ''rough and ready'' carpenter.〔Wilkes, ''The Australian Language''〕 The Macquarie in turn defines ''rough-and-ready'' as ''rough, rude or crude, but good enough for the purpose.''〔''Mac. Dict.'' 1981, p. 1504〕 Wannan says that a bush carpenter is 'a very rough, unorthodox artisan indeed', and includes a sardonic excerpt from Henry Lawson to exemplify it.〔Wannan, ''Australian Folklore''〕 In his ''Bushcraft'' series Ron Edwards describes hut and furniture building, and 'stockcamp architecture', without once using the phrase 'bush carpentry', though 'rough and ready' recurs. Tocal Agricultural College offers a course in 'Traditional bush timber construction';〔(One day Tocal College course )〕 The word 'traditional' appears six times in the course outline, but not 'bush carpentry'.〔Bush carpentry may lack a literature due to its perceived inferiority as a practice, e.g. the catalogue of the (Australian National Library ) has no Subject Heading for ''Bush Carpentry''.〕 Cox and Lucas, writing in 1978 of Australian pioneer buildings, remarked: "... perhaps because it has been the symbol of hardship and country toil; perhaps because it was thought too crude and rude to be treated seriously as architecture by the academics ... there have been few books and articles written on the subject ... The vernacular, often, is a fragile architectural form, evolved for expedience and resulting—especially in the case of the more primitive examples—in early decay and disappearance ... designed by an amateur, a builder with little training in design and who will be guided by a strict set of conventions developed within his own locality, perhaps paying some attention to fashion, but local only and certainly not international. Within the vernacular building, function is the dominant factor.〔Cox, 1978. Introduction.〕 A similar and familiar phrase is ''traditional'' bush carpentry; this implies that its principles are well-known, but informally transmitted. Like folk music, bush carpentry exists within an oral and demotic culture, and is often undocumented. The tradition of Australian inventiveness, however, has an extensive literature: "... vigorous attitudes to innovation prevailed in the Colonies in the nineteenth century and established for Australia some significant technological leads. Lessons from these attitudes both underline the continuing importance of the 'lone inventor' and hold relevance for education, management, and technology policies today."〔Moyal. "Invention and Innovation in Australia ..."〕〔(Australian inventions )〕 There is sometimes a sardonic sense included in the phrase 'bush carpentry', one which implies slip-shod work by a careless practitioner, who also neglects maintenance. Henry Lawson, "A Day on a Selection" (1896): 'The dairy is built of rotten box bark—though there is plenty of good stringy-bark within easy distance—and the structure looks as if it wants to lie down and is only prevented by three crooked props on the leaning side; more props will soon be needed in the rear for the dairy shows signs of going in that direction. The milk is set in dishes made of kerosene-tins, cut in halves, which are placed on bark shelves fitted round against the walls. The shelves are not level and the dishes are brought to a comparatively horizontal position by means of chips and bits of bark, inserted under the lower side. The milk is covered by soiled sheets of old newspapers supported on sticks laid across the dishes. This protection is necessary, because the box bark in the roof has crumbled away and left fringed holes—also because the fowls roost up there. Sometimes the paper sags, and the cream may have to be scraped off an article on dairy farming.'〔Lawson, ''While the Billy Boils''〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bush carpentry」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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